Injini yemagnethi esisigxina isebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina ukuvelisa umhlaba wamagnetic wemoto, ayifuni iikhoyili zokuvuselela okanye ukuvuselela okwangoku, inokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nesakhiwo esilula, kwaye iyinjini elungileyo yokonga amandla.Ngokufika kwezixhobo eziphezulu zemagnethi ezisebenza ngokusisigxina kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweteknoloji yokulawula.Ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kuya kuba banzi ngakumbi. 
Imbali yophuhliso lwemagnethi esisigxina motor Uphuhliso lweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezisisigxina zemagnethi.ilizwe lam lilizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukufumanisa iimpawu zemagnethi zezixhobo ezisisigxina zemagnethi kwaye uzisebenzise ukuziqhelanisa.Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo, ilizwe lethu lasebenzisa iipropathi zamagnetic zezinto ezizibuthe ezisisigxina ukwenza ikhampasi, edlale indima enkulu ekuhambeni, emkhosini nakweminye imimandla.Iye yaba yenye yezinto ezine eziphambili kwilizwe lam lamandulo. Injini yokuqala yehlabathi eyavela ngeminyaka yoo-1820 yayiyinjini yemagnethi esisigxina enemagnethi evuselelayo eveliswa yimagnethi esisigxina.Nangona kunjalo, izinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezazisetyenziswa ngelo xesha yayiyimagnetite yendalo (Fe3O4), enoxinzelelo lwamandla kazibuthe ophantsi kakhulu, kunye nemoto eyenziwe kuyo yayinkulu, kwaye kungekudala yatshintshwa yimoto yokuvuselela umbane. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweenjini ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuveliswa kweemagneti zangoku, abantu benze uphando olunzulu malunga nesixhobo, ukwakheka kunye nokuveliswa kwetekhnoloji yezixhobo zemagnethi esisigxina, kwaye baye bafumanisa ngokulandelelana intsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi yetungsten (eyona mveliso yamandla amakhulu malunga ne-2.7 kJ / m3), insimbi ye-cobalt (ubuninzi bemveliso yamandla kazibuthe malunga ne-7.2 kJ / m3) kunye nezinye izinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi. Ngokukodwa, iimagnethi ezisisigxina ze-AlNiCo zavela kwi-1930s (imveliso yamandla ombane aphezulu inokufikelela kwi-85 kJ / m3) kunye neemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-ferrite ezavela kwi-1950s (imveliso yamandla ombane aphezulu ngoku inokufikelela kwi-40 kJ / m3) iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi.Ngophuculo olukhulu, ezahlukeneyo iinjini ezincinci kunye nezincinci zisebenzise uvuselelo olusisigxina lwemagnethi.Amandla eenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zincinci njengeemiliwatts ezimbalwa kwaye makhulu amashumi eekilowatts.Zisetyenziswa kakhulu emkhosini, kwimveliso yemveliso kunye nezolimo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye imveliso iye yanda kakhulu.Ngokuhambelanayo, ngeli xesha, ukuphumelela kwenziwe kwithiyori yoyilo, indlela yokubala, imagneti kunye netekhnoloji yokuvelisa iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi, kwaye iseti yohlalutyo kunye neendlela zophando ezimelwe ngumzobo osebenzayo wemagnethi esisigxina yenziwe. 
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanzeliswa kweemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-AlNiCo ziphantsi (36-160 kA / m), kunye noxinano lwe-remanence yeemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-ferrite aziphezulu (0.2-0.44 T), ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiimotor.Ukuza kuthi ga ngeminyaka yoo-1960 kunye no-1980, iimagnethi ezisisigxina ze-cobalt zomhlaba kunye neodymium iron boron umazibuthe (zombini zibizwa ngokuba ziimagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba) zaphuma emva komnye, kunye noxinzelelo lwazo oluphezulu, ukunyanzeliswa okuphezulu, imveliso yamandla ombane aphezulu kunye ne-linear demagnetization. igophe.Iipropathi ezigqwesileyo zamagnetic zemotor yemagnethi esisigxina zilungele ngakumbi ukwenziwa kweenjini zombane, ukuze uphuhliso lweemotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi zingene kwixesha elitsha lembali. Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina Xa kuthelekiswa neemotor zemveli zokuvuselela umbane, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ngakumbi iimotor zemagnethi ezinqabileyo ezihlala emhlabeni, zineengenelo ezicacileyo ezifana nolwakhiwo olulula kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo;ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima obulula;ilahleko ephantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle;ubume kunye nobukhulu benjini bunokuguquguquka kwaye buhluke..Ke ngoko, uluhlu lwezicelo lubanzi kakhulu, lugubungela phantse zonke iinkalo ze-aerospace, ukhuselo lwelizwe, imveliso yeshishini kunye nezolimo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.Iimpawu eziphambili zeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kunye nezicelo zazo eziphambili zichazwe ngezantsi. Xa kuthelekiswa nejenereyitha yemveli, ijenereyitha yemagnethi esisigxina yejenereyitha yemagnethi enqabileyo yomhlaba ayifuni ring yomqokeleli kunye nesixhobo sebrashi, kwaye inesakhiwo esilula kwaye inciphisa izinga lokungaphumeleli.Ukusetyenziswa kwemagnethi esisigxina yomhlaba enqabileyo kunokonyusa umsantsa woxinzelelo lomoya, ukonyusa isantya semoto ukuya kwelona xabiso liphezulu, kunye nokuphucula umlinganiselo wamandla ukuya kubunzima.Phantse zonke iijenereyitha ezisetyenziswa kuphapho lwangoku kunye ne-aerospace zisebenzisa iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.Iimveliso zayo eziqhelekileyo ziyi-150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r/min～21 000 r/min kunye ne-100 kVA 60 000 r/min enqabileyo yomhlaba icobalt imagnethi esisigxina yeejenereyitha ezihambelanayo ezenziwe yiGeneral Electric Company yaseUnited States.Umhlaba wokuqala onqabileyo umazibuthe osisigxina ophuhliswe eTshayina yi-3 kW 20 000 r/min esisigxina yejenereyitha umazibuthe. 
Ijenereyitha yemagnethi esisigxina ikwasetyenziswa njengesincedisi sejenereyitha ye turbine yomphunga.Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, ilizwe lam laphuhlisa ngempumelelo i-40 kVA ~ 160 kVA enqabileyo yomhlaba esisigxina yemagnethi encedisana ne-exciter enesona sixhobo sikhulu ehlabathini ngelo xesha.Kuphuculwe kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla. Okwangoku, iijenereyitha ezincinci eziqhutywa ziinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kwimithombo yamandla ezimeleyo, iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina zezithuthi, kunye neejenereyitha zomoya zemagnethi ezincinci ezisisigxina eziqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo ziiinjini zomoya ziyakhuthazwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Indima ebalulekileyo yeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo 1 Ukugcina umbane onqabileyo ogcina umhlaba osisigxina iimotor zemagnethi zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa, njengeemotor zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zemagnethi ze-synchronous kumashishini amalaphu kunye neekhemikhali zefayibha, i-petroleum, imigodi, umhlaba onqabileyo wemagnethi esisigxina yeenjini ze-synchronous kumatshini wokuthutha wamalahle, umhlaba onqabileyo wemagnethi osisigxina. iimotor ze-synchronous zokuqhuba iimpompo ezahlukeneyo kunye nabalandeli. 2 Iimoto ezininzi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina zemagnethi zisetyenziswa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezithuthi (iimoto, izithuthuthu, oololiwe), kunye neenjini zemagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zezona zentengiso inkulu.Ngokwezibalo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zeenjini zemagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zisetyenziswa kwizithuthi.Kwiimoto zodidi, kukho iiseti ezingaphezu kwama-70 zeenjini zezicelo ezahlukeneyo.Kuba iimfuno zeenjini zeemoto ezahlukeneyo zahlukile, ukhetho lwezixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zahlukile.Iimagnethi zeemoto zisetyenziswa kwizipholile-moya, iifeni, kunye neefestile zombane.Ukususela kumbono wexabiso, inzuzo ye-ferrite iya kuqhubeka kwixesha elizayo.Iikhoyili zokulayita, iidrive, kunye nezivamvo zisasebenzisa iSm-Co sintered magnets.Ukongezelela, iinxalenye zemoto, kodwa kunye neenqwelo zombane azikwazi ukuhoywa, njengento ehambelana nokusingqongileyo (EV) kunye neenqwelo zombane ze-hybrid (HEV). I-3 I-Rare Earth esisigxina yemagnethi ye-AC servo inkqubo Isethi yoomatshini bokudibanisa i-electromechanical kunye ne-electronic, ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nenkqubo yokulawula isantya.Inkqubo ngumzimba ozilawulayo ozilawulayo wemagnethi synchronous motor.Inkqubo isetyenziselwa ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zomatshini ze-CNC, iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-flexible;kunye nakwizithuthi zombane, kunezithuthi zemveli ezine-thermal powered, ukwenzela inkululeko yokukhutshwa kwezithuthi.Injini yemagnethi yomhlaba enqabileyo lishishini elithembisayo lobuchwephesha obuphezulu. 4 Intsimi entsha yenzelwe ukuxhasa amandla asezantsi omhlaba onqabileyo wemagnethi ye-synchronous motor variable frequency control control system ye-air conditioners kunye neefriji ezintsha, izixhobo zombane ezingenazingcingo zezohlukeneyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-DC micro motors, umhlaba onqabileyo wemagnethi osisigxina. Iinjini zeDC ziziXhobo ezinamandla ahlukeneyo.Iimoto ezinjalo nazo zifunwa kakhulu. 5 Imathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina yomhlaba kunye nezibonelelo kwizicelo ze-aerospace zibenza bafaneleke kakhulu usetyenziso lwe-injini yomoya.Nangona kukho usetyenziso lweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina emhlabeni (ezifana nombane wejenereyitha kunye nokhuseleko lwesekethe emfutshane, njl.njl.), iingcali zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ziyavuma ukuba iimotor zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zemagnethi ziyindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso kwisizukulwana esitsha. yee-injini zomoya. umba weendleko
Iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zeFerrite, ngakumbi imagnethi encinci esisigxina yeenjini zeDC, zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yolwakhiwo olulula kunye nenkqubo, ubunzima obuncitshisiweyo, kwaye ngokubanzi ixabiso eliphantsi lilonke kuneenjini zokuvuselela umbane.Kuba iimagnethi zomhlaba ezisisigxina ezinqabileyo zisabiza kakhulu okwangoku, ixabiso leenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina emhlabeni jikelele ziphezulu kuneemotor ezivuselela umbane, ekufuneka zihlawulwe ngokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokonga kweendleko zokusebenza.
Kwezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-coil motors ye-computer disk drives, ukusebenza kweemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB kuphuculwe, umthamo kunye nobunzima buyancipha kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso lilonke liyancitshiswa.Kuyilo, kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kunye nexabiso ngokwezihlandlo ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zokugqiba ukhetho, kodwa kunye nokuvuselela inkqubo yolwakhiwo kunye nokulungiswa koyilo ukunciphisa iindleko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-20-2022