Uhlalutyo lobume bemeko kunye nentsingiselo yophuhliso loshishino lweemoto kushishino

Ngokubhekiselele kwiimoto zokuqhuba izithuthi, i-China ngumvelisi omkhulu weemoto zoshishino kwaye inesiseko esiqinileyo sobugcisa.Iimoto zemizi-mveliso zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi, zibalelwa kwi-60% yokusetyenziswa kombane kuluntu lonke.Xa kuthelekiswa neemowutha eziqhelekileyo, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezenziwe ngoomazibuthe abasisigxina zinokugcina malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zombane, kwaye zaziwa “njengezinto zokonga amandla” kushishino.

Uhlalutyo lobume bemeko kunye nentsingiselo yophuhliso loshishino lweemoto kushishino

Iinjini zemizi-mveliso yinkalo ephambili yosetyenziso lweemoto.Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yemoto esebenzayo, akunakwenzeka ukwakha umgca wemveliso ohamba phambili ozenzekelayo.Ukongeza, xa ujongene noxinzelelo olunzima kakhulu kugcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, ukuphuhlisa ngamandlaizithuthi zamandla amatshaiye yaba yingqwalasela entsha yokhuphiswano kwishishini lehlabathi le-auto.Ngophuhliso lweshishini lezithuthi zombane, imfuno yayo yeemoto zokuqhuba nayo iyanda.

Ukuchatshazelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo, imveliso yeemoto zaseTshayina iguqukela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nohlaza, kwaye imfuno yokutshintshwa kwemizi-mveliso iyanda, kwaye imveliso yeemoto zemizi-mveliso iyanda unyaka nonyaka.Ngokutsho kwedatha, imveliso yemoto yelizwe lam ifikelele kwi-3.54 yezigidi ze-kilowatts, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-9.7%.

Okwangoku, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kweenjini zelizwe lam likhulu kunomthamo wokungenisa elizweni, kodwa iimveliso zokuthumela ngaphandle ubukhulu becala ziinjini ezincinci kunye neziphakathi, ezinomxholo ophantsi wobugcisa kunye namaxabiso aphantsi kuneemveliso ezifanayo zangaphandle;Iimveliso ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ubukhulu becala ziimotor ezikhethekileyo ezikwisiphelo esiphakamileyo, ezinkulu neziphezulu Iimotor zamashishini, ixabiso leyunithi yokungenisa liphezulu kunexabiso leyunithi yokuthumela ngaphandle kweemveliso ezifanayo.

Ngokujonga kwindlela yophuhliso lwemarike yeemoto zombane kwihlabathi, ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kula manqaku alandelayo: Ishishini liphuhla lisiya kubukrelekrele kunye nokudityaniswa: ukwenziwa kweemoto zombane zemveli kufezekise ukudityaniswa kobuchwephesha be-elektroniki obuphambili kunye netekhnoloji yolawulo lobukrelekrele.

Kwixesha elizayo, ngumkhwa wekamva loshishino lweemoto ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kunye nokwandisa itekhnoloji yokulawula ubukrelekrele kwiinkqubo zeemoto ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lemizi-mveliso, kunye nokuqonda uyilo oludityanisiweyo kunye nokuveliswa kolawulo lwenkqubo yeemoto, ukuva. kwaye uqhube imisebenzi.Iimveliso ziphuhla zisiya kulwahlulo kunye nobungcali: iimveliso zemoto zinoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezixhasayo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana namandla, uthutho, i-petroleum, ishishini lemichiza, isinyithi, imigodi kunye nokwakha.

Ngokuqhubeka nzulu koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenqanaba lesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, imeko yokuba uhlobo olufanayo lwemoto lusetyenziselwa iipropathi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo zophulwa ngaphambili, kwaye iimveliso zeemoto ziyaphuhla. isikhokelo sobungcali, ukwahlula kunye nobungcali.Iimveliso ziphuhliswa kwindlela yokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla: imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazelekayo yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi evela kwi-2022 ibonise ukuqhelaniswa komgaqo-nkqubo ocacileyo wokuphucula ukusebenza kweemoto kunye noomatshini ngokubanzi.Ke ngoko, ishishini leemoto lifuna ngokukhawuleza ukukhawulezisa ukonga ugcino-mbane lwezixhobo ezikhoyo zokuvelisa, ukukhuthaza iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezisebenzayo kunye nohlaza, kunye nokuphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha sokugcina umbane, iinkqubo zeemoto kunye neemveliso zolawulo, kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya.Phucula inkqubo yomgangatho wobuchwephesha beemoto kunye nenkqubo, kwaye uzame ukukhulisa ukhuphiswano olungundoqo lweemoto kunye nenkqubo yeemveliso.

Ukushwankathela, ngo-2023, i-brushless, idrayivu ethe ngqo, isantya esigqithileyo, ukulawulwa kwesantya, i-miniaturization, i-servo, i-mechatronics kunye nobukrelekrele lukhokelo lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nokugxila kweemoto zanamhlanje.Ngamnye wabo uqhutywe kwaye ubonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimveliso yemihla ngemihla kunye nobomi.Ke ngoko, nokuba i-brushless, idrayivu ethe ngqo, i-mechatronics, okanye ubukrelekrele, yenye yezinto eziyimfuneko kuphuhliso lweenjini zanamhlanje kwixesha elizayo.Kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweenjini zale mihla, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwitekhnoloji yokulinganisa, itekhnoloji yoyilo, itekhnoloji ephezulu yokonga amandla kunye nokuqhelana nemeko-bume egqithisileyo, ukuze itekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yale mihla iphuhlise ngokulunge ngakumbi.

Kwixesha elizayo, ziqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, iinjini zelizwe lam zoshishino nazo ziza kwenza iinzame zokuphuhlisa uhlaza kunye nokonga umbane.

Icandelo lesi-2 lobume boPhuhliso loShishino lweeMoto lwelizwe lam

1. Uphononongo lophuhliso lweshishini leemoto laseTshayina ngo-2021

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukhuphiswano kwimarike yeemoto zamazwe ngamazwe luye lwanda kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso lifikelele kwindawo ebalulekileyo.Ngaphandle kweemoto ezikhethekileyo, iimoto ezikhethekileyo, kunye neenjini ezinkulu, kunzima kubenzi beemoto ezincinci nabaphakathi ukuba baqhubeke nokufumana indawo kumazwe aphuhlileyo.I-China inenzuzo enkulu kwiindleko zabasebenzi.

Kweli nqanaba, ishishini leemoto lelizwe lam lishishini elifuna abasebenzi abaninzi kunye neteknoloji.Imarike yeemoto ezinkulu kunye neziphakathi ziphezulu kakhulu, ngelixa iimoto ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ziphantsi, kwaye ukhuphiswano lunzima.Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwishishini leemoto.Ngenxa yeemali ezaneleyo, umthamo omkhulu wemveliso, kunye nokwazisa ngeempawu eziphezulu, iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo kunye namashishini amakhulu karhulumente athabathe intambo kuphuhliso lweshishini lonke kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe bandisa isabelo sabo semarike.Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu labavelisi beemoto ezincinci kunye nabaphakathi banokwabelana kuphela ngesabelo semarike esiseleyo, esenza "i-Matthew Effect" kwishishini, elikhuthaza ukwanda koxinaniso lweshishini, kwaye ezinye iinkampani ezihlelelekileyo ziyapheliswa.

Kwelinye icala, imarike yaseTshayina iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili kukhuphiswano phakathi kweenkampani zehlabathi.Ke ngoko, ngenxa yokuqwalaselwa kokusebenza kakuhle, itekhnoloji, izibonelelo, iindleko zabasebenzi kunye neminye imiba emininzi, abavelisi beemoto kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo kwihlabathi bafudukela eTshayina, kwaye baqhubeke nokuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ngendlela yokuba ngabanini bomhlaba okanye kwindibaniselwano., Kukho iiofisi ezininzi kunye nee-arhente, okwenza ukhuphiswano kwiimarike zasekhaya lube lukhulu.Ukuguqulwa kobume boshishino lwehlabathi ngumceli mngeni kumashishini aseTshayina, kodwa kwakhona lithuba.Eli lithuba elihle kakhulu lokukhuthaza isikali kunye nenqanaba loshishino lweemoto lwaseTshayina, ukomeleza amandla ophuhliso lwemveliso kunye nokudibanisa nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.

2. Uhlalutyo lophuhliso lwemarike yemoto yelizwe lam ngo-2021

Ngokwembono yolwahlulo lwemakethi yeemoto zehlabathi, iTshayina yindawo yokwenziwa kweemoto, kwaye amazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu nase-United States ayindawo yophando nophuhliso lobuchwephesha beemoto.Thatha iinjini ezincinci njengomzekelo.I-China lelona lizwe livelisa iinjini ezincinci.IJapan, iJamani kunye ne-United States zezona mpembelelo ziphambili kuphando nakuphuhliso lweenjini ezincinci nezikhethekileyo, ezilawula uninzi lwezona teknoloji zintsha zintsonkothileyo nezikhethekileyo zehlabathi.

Ngokwembono yesabelo semarike, ngokomlinganiselo weshishini leemoto laseTshayina kunye neshishini leemoto zehlabathi, ishishini leemoto laseTshayina lithatha i-30%, i-United States kunye ne-European Union zenza i-27% kunye ne-20% ngokulandelelanayo.

Kweli nqanaba, iinkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu ezimele iimoto kwihlabathi zibandakanya iSiemens, iToshiba, iABB Group, iNEC, iRockwell Automation, iAMETEK, iRegal Beloit, iJohnson Group, iFranklin Electric, kunye neAlliedMotion, isasazwa kakhulu eYurophu naseUnited States, eJapan. .Kodwa emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, umzi-mveliso weemoto welizwe lam wenze iqela leenkampani ezinkulu zeemoto.Ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nokhuphiswano lwemarike phantsi kwepateni yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, la mashishini athe atshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka “kumakhulu nabanzi” ukuya “kokukhethekileyo nokunzulu”, okuthe kwakhuthaza ngakumbi uphuhliso lweendlela ezikhethekileyo zemveliso kushishino lweemoto lwelizwe lam.Kwixesha elizayo, phantsi kwempembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuselwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, iinjini zoshishino zase China nazo ziya kwenza zonke iinzame zokuphuhlisa kwicala lolondolozo lwamandla ohlaza.

Icandelo 3 Uhlalutyo lokubonelela kunye nemfuno yoshishino lweemoto zaseTshayina ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2021.

1. Isiphumo soshishino lweemoto zaseTshayina ngo-2019-2021

Itshathi: Isiphumo soShishino lweeMoto zaseTshayina ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya kowama-2021

 

Umthombo wedatha: Iqulunqwe nguZhongyan Puhua Industry Research Institute

Ngokohlalutyo lwedatha yophando lwemakethi, imveliso yeshishini leemoto laseTshayina liya kubonisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka ukusuka ku-2019 ukuya ku-2021. Isikali semveliso ngo-2021 siya kuba yi-354.632 yezigidi zeekilowatts, ukonyuka konyaka nonyaka. 9.7%.

2. Imfuno yoshishino lweemoto zaseTshayina ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2021

Ngokohlalutyo lwedatha yophando lwemakethi, imveliso yeshishini leemoto laseTshayina libonisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka ukusuka ku-2019 ukuya ku-2021, kwaye isikali semfuno ngo-2021 siya kuba yi-38.603 yezigidi zeekilowatts, ukonyuka konyaka nonyaka. 10.5%.

Itshathi: Imfuno yoShishino lweeMoto zaseTshayina ukusuka ngowama-2019 ukuya kowama-2021

 

Umthombo wedatha: Iqulunqwe nguZhongyan Puhua Industry Research Institute