Ukusuka kwi-BYD's blade ibhetri, ukuya kwi-Honeycomb Energy's cobalt-free battery, kwaye emva koko kwibhetri ye-sodium-ion yexesha le-CATL, imboni yebhetri yamandla iye yafumana izinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo.Nge-23 kaSeptemba 2020-uSuku lwebhetri yeTesla, i-CEO yeTesla u-Elon Musk ubonise ihlabathi ibhetri entsha-ibhetri engama-4680.
Ngaphambili, ubukhulu beebhetri ze-lithium ze-cylindrical zaziyi-18650 kunye ne-21700, kwaye i-21700 yayinamandla angama-50% ngaphezu kwe-18650.Ibhetri ye-4680 inamaxesha amahlanu amandla eeseli ze-21700 ibhetri, kwaye ibhetri entsha inokunciphisa iindleko nge-kilowatt-yure malunga ne-14% kwaye yandise uluhlu lokuhamba nge-16%.
U-Musk wachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba le bhetri iya kwenza i-$ 25,000 imoto yombane inokwenzeka.
Ke, isuka phi le bhetri yoyikisayo?Okulandelayo, sihlalutya nganye nganye.
1. Yintoni ibhetri ye-4680?
Indlela kaTesla yokubiza iibhetri zamandla ilula kakhulu kwaye iqonde.Ibhetri ye-4680, njengoko igama libonisa, ibhetri ye-cylindrical ene-cell diameter ye-46mm kunye nobude be-80mm.
Ubukhulu obuthathu obuhlukeneyo beebhetri ze-lithium-ion cylindrical
Njengoko kunokubonwa kumfanekiso, xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri ye-Tesla yokuqala ye-18650 kunye nebhetri ye-21700, ibhetri ye-4680 ibonakala njengendoda ende kwaye inamandla.
Kodwa ibhetri ye-4680 ayikho nje utshintsho lobungakanani, iTesla ifake iteknoloji entsha yokuphucula ukusebenza.
Okwesibini, itekhnoloji entsha yebhetri ye-4680
1. Uyilo lwendlebe olungena-Electrodeless
Intuitively, imvakalelo enkulu ye-4680 kukuba inkulu.Ke kutheni abanye abavelisi bengenzanga ibhetri ibe nkulu kwixesha elidlulileyo.Oku kungenxa yokuba umthamo omkhulu kunye nokuphakama kwamandla, ubushushu buba nzima ukulawula kwaye inkulu ingozi yokhuseleko ekutsha kunye nokudubula.
Kuyabonakala ukuba uTesla uye wakuthathela ingqalelo oku.
Xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri ye-cylindrical yangaphambili, i-innovation enkulu yesakhiwo sebhetri ye-4680 yi-electrodeless lug, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lug epheleleyo.Kwibhetri ye-cylindrical yendabuko, iifoyile zobhedu ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative kunye ne-aluminium foil separator zipakishwe kwaye zilimele.Ukuze kutsalwe i-electrodes, ucingo olukhokelayo olubizwa ngokuba yi-tab ludityaniswe kwiziphelo ezimbini zefoyile yobhedu kunye nefoyile ye-aluminium.
Ubude bebhetri yesiqhelo 1860 yi 800mm.Ukuthatha i-copper foil kunye ne-conductivity engcono njengomzekelo, ubude beethebhu zokukhokela umbane ngaphandle kwe-copper foil yi-800mm, elingana nokudlula kwangoku kwi-800mm yocingo olude.
Ngokubala, ukuchasana malunga ne-20mΩ, ubude be-winding ye-2170 ibhetri malunga ne-1000mm, kwaye ukuchasana malunga ne-23mΩ.Iyakwazi ukuguqulwa ngokulula ukuba ifilimu yobunzima obufanayo kufuneka ifakwe kwi-battery ye-4680, kunye nobude be-winding malunga ne-3800mm.
Zininzi izinto ezingeloncedo ekwandiseni ubude bokujikajika.Ii-electron kufuneka zihambe umgama omde ukuze zifike kwii-tabs kuzo zombini iziphelo zebhetri, ukuchasana kuya kwanda, kwaye ibhetri iya kuba lula ukutshisa.Ukusebenza kwebhetri kuya kuthobisa kwaye kudalwe nemiba yokhuseleko.Ukuze ucuthe umgama ohanjwe zii-electron, ibhetri ye-4680 isebenzisa i-electrodeless ear technology.
Ithebhu ye-electrodeless ayinayo i-tabs, kodwa ijika yonke iqoqo langoku kwi-tab, indlela yokuqhubela phambili ayisekho kwi-tab, kwaye yangoku idluliselwe ukusuka kwi-lateral transmission ecaleni kwethebhu ukuya kwipleyiti yomqokeleli ukuya kwi-longitudinal transmission umqokeleli wangoku.
Ubude obupheleleyo be-conductive butshintshile ukusuka kwi-800 ukuya kwi-1000mm ye-1860 okanye i-2170 ubude be-foil yobhedu ukuya kwi-80mm (ubude bebhetri).Ukuchasana kuncitshiswe kwi-2mΩ, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kokuxhatshazwa kwangaphakathi kuncitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-2W ukuya kwi-0.2W, eyancipha ngokuthe ngqo ngomyalelo wobukhulu.
Olu luyilo lunciphisa kakhulu i-impedance yebhetri kwaye lusombulule ingxaki yokufudumala kwebhetri ye-cylindrical.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, itekhnoloji yendlebe ye-electrodeless yandisa indawo yokuqhuba yangoku, inciphisa umgama wokuqhuba ngoku, kwaye iyanciphisa kakhulu ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri;ukunciphisa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kunokunciphisa i-offset phenomenon yangoku kunye nokwandisa ubomi bebhetri;ukunciphisa ukuchasana nako kunokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu, kunye ne-electrode conductive coating Indawo yoqhagamshelwano esebenzayo phakathi komgangatho kunye ne-cap end cap yebhetri inokufikelela kwi-100%, enokuphucula amandla okutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.
Ibhetri ye-4680 ithatha uhlobo olutsha lwe-electrodeless ear technology ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo seseli, enokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkqubo ye-welding ye-tabs ishiywe, ukuveliswa kwemveliso kuphuculwe, kwaye izinga lesiphako esibangelwa yi-welding sinokuncitshiswa ngexesha elifanayo.
Umzobo weSchematic we-monopole kunye nesakhiwo esipheleleyo sepoleni
2. Idityaniswe neteknoloji yeCTC
Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, ubukhulu bebhetri, iibhetri ezimbalwa kufuneka zifakwe kwisithuthi esinye.Ngeeseli ze-18650, iTesla idinga iiseli ze-7100.Ukuba usebenzisa iibhetri ezingama-4680, ufuna kuphela iibhetri ezingama-900.
Iibhetri ezimbalwa, ngokukhawuleza zinokudityaniswa, ziphezulu ukusebenza kakuhle, amathuba amancinci eengxaki kwiikhonkco eziphakathi, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Ngokutsho kukaTesla, i-4680 enkulu inokunciphisa ixabiso lemveliso yeebhetri nge-14%.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri, ibhetri ye-4680 iya kudibaniswa neteknoloji yeCTC (Cell to Chassis).Kukudibanisa iiseli zebhetri ngqo kwi-chassis.Ngokususa ngokupheleleyo iimodyuli kunye neepakethi zebhetri, iiseli zebhetri ziba zincinci ngakumbi, inani leenxalenye zebhetri liya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ye-chassis kuya kuphuculwa kakhulu.
I-CTC ineemfuno ezithile kumandla okwakheka kwebhetri.Ibhetri ngokwayo kufuneka ithwale amandla amaninzi omatshini.Xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri ye-18650 kunye ne-2170, ibhetri enye ye-4680 inamandla amakhulu okwakhiwa kunye namandla aphezulu okwakhiwa, kwaye i-square shell shell yebhetri liqokobhe le-aluminium.Iqokobhe le-4680 lenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici, kwaye amandla endalo aqinisekisiweyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri yegobolondo yesikwere, ukubekwa kwebhetri ye-cylindrical kuya kuba bhetyebhetye ngakumbi, kunokulungelelanisa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-chassis, kwaye kunokudibaniswa ngcono kunye nesayithi.
Ngokutsho kophando kunye nesigwebo se "EMF", iteknoloji ye-CTC yi-tuyere yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwi-2022, kwaye iphinde ibe yifoloko endleleni.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhetri kumzimba kunokwenza ukugcinwa kwesithuthi kube nzima kakhulu, kwaye ibhetri kunzima ukuyitshintsha ngokuzimeleyo.Amaxabiso enkonzo emva kokuthengisa aya kunyuka, kwaye ezi ndleko ziya kudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi, njengeendleko ze-inshorensi.Nangona uMusk ebanga ukuba baye baqulunqa iileyili zokulungisa ezinokusikwa kwaye zitshintshwe, kuya kuthatha ixesha ukubona ukuba kuya kusebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
Iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto ziye zacebisa izisombululo zabo zobugcisa be-CTC, kuba ayilungiseleli nje ibhetri, kodwa kufuneka itshintshe isakhiwo somzimba.Oku kunxulumene nokwahlulwa kwakhona kwabasebenzi kwikhonkco lobonelelo lwamashishini anxulumeneyo.
I-CTC yindlela nje yobugcisa.Ngumzimba webhetri odityanisiweyo, ongatshintshiyo wokuqhawula.Kukho enye itekhnoloji ngaphesheya kwayo - ukutshintsha ibhetri.Itekhnoloji yokutshintsha ibhetri kulula ukuyiqhaqha, kodwa ibhetri yenza igalelo elikhulu kumandla ebhetri.Indlela yokukhetha ezi ndlela zimbini ngumdlalo phakathi kwababoneleli bebhetri kunye ne-OEMs.
Itekhnoloji yeCTC idityaniswe nebhetri ye4680
3. Ulutsha kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ibhetri, i-cathode kunye nezixhobo ze-anode
I-Tesla iya kusebenzisa inkqubo ye-electrode eyomileyo yebhetri, endaweni yokusebenzisa i-solvent, isixa esincinci (malunga ne-5-8%) ye-PTFE binder yomgubo ocolekileyo uxutywe kunye ne-potive / negative electrode powder, idluliselwe kwi-extruder ukwenza umgca obhityileyo. izinto electrode, kwaye ke A strip of electrode imathiriyeli elaminethiweyo kwifoyile yesinyithi umqokeleli yangoku ukwenza electrode egqityiweyo.
Ibhetri eveliswe ngale ndlela ihambelana nokusingqongileyo.Kwaye le nkqubo iya kwandisa ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwimveliso ngamaxesha angama-10.Itekhnoloji ye-electrode eyomileyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe luphawu lwetekhnoloji kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
Tesla 4680 ibhetri eyomileyo electrode iteknoloji
Ngokumalunga nezinto ze-cathode, uTesla uthe uya kususa i-cobalt element kwi-cathode.I-Cobalt iyabiza kwaye inqabile.Inokwembiwa kuphela kumazwe ambalwa kakhulu ehlabathini, okanye kumazwe aseAfrika angazinzanga njengeCongo.Ukuba ibhetri inokususa ngokwenene i-cobalt element, kunokuthiwa yinto entsha yetekhnoloji.
Cobalt
Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ze-anode, i-Tesla iya kuqala ngezinto ze-silicon kwaye isebenzise i-silicon eninzi ukuze ithathe indawo yegraphite esetyenziswayo ngoku.Umthamo wethiyori othe ngqo we-electrode ekwi-silicon-based negative iphezulu njenge-4200mAh/g, engaphezulu ngokuphindwe kashumi kunolo lwe-electrode engalunganga yegraphite.Nangona kunjalo, ii-electrode ezingalunganga ezisekwe kwisilicon zikwanazo iingxaki ezinjengokwandiswa kwevolumu lula yesilicon, ukungahambi kakuhle kombane, kunye nelahleko enkulu yokukhupha intlawulo yokuqala.
Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwezinto kukufumana ibhalansi phakathi koxinzelelo lwamandla kunye nokuzinza, kwaye iimveliso ze-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon zangoku zenziwe nge-silicon kunye negraphite ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo.
I-Tesla iceba ukutshintsha ngokusisiseko ukunyibilika komphezulu we-silicon ukwenza ukuba kungabi lula ukwaphuka, itekhnoloji engavumeli kuphela iibhetri ukuba zitshaje ngokukhawuleza, kodwa yonyusa ubomi bebhetri ngeepesenti ezingama-20.UTesla wabiza into entsha ethi "Tesla Silicon", kwaye ixabiso li-$ 1.2 / KWh, enye yeshumi kuphela yenkqubo ekhoyo ye-silicon ekhoyo.
I-Silicon-based anode ithathwa njengesixhobo se-lithium yebhetri ye-anode yesizukulwana esilandelayo.
Iimodeli ezimbalwa kwiimarike sele ziqalisile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon.Iimodeli ezifana neTesla Model 3 sele zibandakanya amanani amancinci e-silicon kwi-electrode engalunganga.Kutshanje, imodeli ye-GAC AION LX Plus yasungulwa.Inguqulelo yeQianli ixhotyiswe ngetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-silicon ye-anode chip, enokufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-1,000 zobomi bebhetri.
4680 ibhetri yesilicon anode
Ukushwankathela iingenelo zetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-4680 kukuba inokuphucula ukusebenza ngelixa inciphisa iindleko.
3. Impembelelo enkulu yeebhetri ze-4680
Ibhetri ye-4680 ayilonguquko yetekhnoloji ebhukuqayo, ayisiyiyo impumelelo kuxinzelelo lwamandla, kodwa ngaphezulu kokuyila kwenkqubo yetekhnoloji.
Nangona kunjalo, iqhutywe nguTesla, kwipatheni yangoku yemakethe yamandla entsha, ukuveliswa kweebhetri ze-4680 kuya kutshintsha imodeli ekhoyo yebhetri.Ishishini ngokuqinisekileyo liza kuqalisa i-wave ye-volume enkulu yeebhetri zecylindrical.
Ngokweengxelo, iPanasonic iceba ukuqala ukuveliswa kweebhetri ze-4680 ezinkulu zeTesla ekuqaleni kwe-2023.Utyalo-mali olutsha luya kuba phezulu ukuya kuma-yen eebhiliyoni ezingama-80 (malunga ne-US$704 yezigidi).I-Samsung SDI kunye ne-LG Energy nabo bajoyine uphuhliso lwebhetri ye-4680.
Ngaphakathi, i-Yiwei Lithium Energy ibhengeze ukuba i-subsidiary ye-Yiwei Power iceba ukwakha umgca we-20GWh omkhulu wokuvelisa ibhetri ye-cylindrical kwizithuthi zabahambi kwi-Jingmen High-tech Zone.Ibhetri ye-BAK kunye ne-Honeycomb Energy iya kungena kwintsimi yeebhetri ezinkulu ze-cylindrical.I-BMW kunye ne-CATL zisabalalisa ngenkuthalo iibhetri ezinkulu zecylindrical, kwaye ipateni eyisiseko imiselwe.
Uyilo lwebhetri yeCylindrical yabavelisi bebhetri
Okwesine, amandla e-electromotive anento yokuthetha
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwebhetri enkulu yesilinda ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lebhetri yamandla.Akulula njengokuphucula nje ibhetri ye-5 ukuya kwibhetri ye-1.Umzimba wayo otyebileyo unemibuzo emininzi.
Iindleko zebhetri zisondele kwi-40% yeendleko zemoto yonke.Ukubaluleka kwebhetri "njengentliziyo" kuyabonakala.Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthandwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, imfuno yeebhetri iyanda imihla ngemihla, kwaye ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo liyenyuka.Ukuveliswa kweebhetri kuye kwaba yindlela ebalulekileyo kwiinkampani zeemoto ukuba ziphuhlise.
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji enxulumene nebhetri, iimoto zombane ezifikelelekayo sele zikufutshane!
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-13-2022