Kutshanje, isiJamaniamajelo eendaba anike ingxelo echatshazelwe yingxaki yamandla,ISwitzerland inokuvala ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ngaphandle "kohambo oluyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo".Oko kukuthi, izithuthi zombane ziya kuthintelwa ukuhamba, kwaye "ungahambi endleleni ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko", ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibe yintlupheko enzima kwimarike yemoto yombane yaseSwitzerland, kwaye iSwitzerland nayo iya kuba lilizwe lokuqala emhlabeni. ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane.
Ilizwe eliphuhlileyo alikwazi nokuthenga umbane?Xa ujamelene nobunzima bamandla, ezo zinto zomlingo aziyothusi.Kwangoko, isebe lamandla laseSwitzerland likhuphe isilumkiso esithi ilizwe linokufumana umbane ongonelanga ebusika.Ukuze uphile ebusika ngokutyibilikayo, iSwitzerland yakhupha umthetho oyilwayo malunga ” nothintelo kunye nokwalelwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane.” ekupheleni kukaNovemba, ebandakanya imimiselo kwintsimi yokuthutha.
Ngokweengxelo, iSwitzerland ayilona lizwe kuphela eliqwalasela izithintelo kwiimoto zombane.IJamani, ekwakwi-vortex yengxaki yamandla, nayo inakhoukumisela izithintelo ekutshajisweni kwesithuthi sombane.
Ngexesha elibalulekileyo xa iinkampani zeemoto zaseYurophu ziqhuba ngokubanzi ukuguqulwa kombane, izenzo zaseSwitzerland kunye neJamani ziindaba ezimbi kwimarike yemoto yombane.Uodolo” ikwalinyathelo elingenakuncedakala.Iithagethi zekhabhoni ezimbini kunye nengxaki yamandla yiyona miqobo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kweshishini lezithuthi zombane zaseYurophu.
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Amandla angonelanga ukusola izithuthi zombane?
Emva kokupapashwa koyilo "lokuvalwa kwezithuthi zombane" eSwitzerland, iUmbutho weemoto waseSwitzerlandyabonisa ngokucacileyo inkcaso yayo:emva kokubhengezwa kwemigaqo yesicwangciso esifanelekileyo ngoDisemba, baya kuvota ngokuchasene nazo zonke izithintelo zokuqhuba izithuthi zombane.
Imfuno yombane kwiimoto zombane eSwitzerland iya kubalelwa kwi-0.4 yepesenti yemfuno epheleleyo ngo-2021,amanani abonisa.Lo mlinganiselo ubonisa ukuba ukukhawulelana nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane eSwitzerland akwanelanga ukunciphisa ukunqongophala kombane.Ulwakhiwo lwamandla eSwitzerland lumiselwe ukufikelela ubuncinci benqanaba lokuzanelisa ukuba ilizwe lifuna ukususa ukunqongophala kwamandla.
ISwitzerland ayinawo amandla efosili kwaye ithembele kakhulu ekuthengeni ngaphandle, kodwa ineenzuzo ezibalaseleyo kwimithombo yombane wamanzi.Phantse i-60% yombane wasekhaya uvela kumandla ombane, kulandele amandla enyukliya, kulandele amandla elanga, amandla omoya, namandla ebhayomass.Nangona kunjalo, umbane opheleleyo owenziweyo usengaphantsi kakhulu kwimfuno, ngoko ke kufuneka uxhomekeke kumthamo ogqithisiweyo weFransi neJamani ukuvala isithuba sokungonelanga komthamo wasekhaya.
Kodwa ngokuphuma kwezixhobo zamandla enyukliya ezininzi zaseFransi ukuya kutsho kumanqanaba aphantsi phantse kwiminyaka engama-30, ukungazinzi kumoya waseJamani namandla elanga kunye neengxaki zobonelelo lwamandla emva kokulahleka kwerhasi yombhobho waseRussia kuthetha ukuba iSwitzerland iya kuba nakho ukungenisa umbane omncinci kakhulu kulo nyaka. .Kule meko, iSwitzerland kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo kwiimoto zombane.
Ngokwedatha ka-2019, icandelo elinokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu eSwitzerland licandelo lezothutho, elithatha phantse isinye kwisithathu sokusetyenziswa kwamandla, lilandelwa lukwakha kunye neshishini.Ukusukela ngo-2012, iSwitzerland ichaze ukuba "iimoto zabakhweli ezisanda kubhaliswa aziyi kudlula umndilili weemfuno zokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside", kwaye "kwiSicwangciso saMandla se-2050", uphuhliso "lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchule" kwiindawo ezibandakanya ezothutho, kunye ne. I-Energy Conservation Coalition ikwasekwe ukukhuthaza amakhaya kunye namashishini ukuba anciphise ukufudumeza, anciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu, acime izixhobo zombane kunye nezibane, abhake kwaye apheke ngokufanelekileyo amandla ...
Ukusuka kulo mbono, akumangalisi ukuba amaSwitzerland, anamandla kakhulu, aya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane.
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Ngaba ishishini lezithuthi zombane laseYurophu kunye neenkampani zaseTshayina zaphesheya kweelwandle ziqhuba kakuhle?
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imarike yemoto yombane yaseYurophu iqhubekile nokwandisa.Ngo-2021, umthamo wokuthengisa wezithuthi zombane eYurophu uya kufikelela kwi-1.22 yezigidi, ukwanda kwe-63% xa kuthelekiswa ne-746,000 ngo-2020, kubalwa i-29% yentengiso yehlabathi jikelele yezithuthi zombane., kunye nesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kweTshayina.Imarike yemoto yombane yesibini ngobukhulu.
Malunga nowama-2021, iinkampani eziphambili zeemoto zehlabathi zithathe inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufakeni umbane.Idityaniswe noxinzelelo lwethagethi yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini, amazwe aseYurophu aqalise ulangazelelo lwamandla amatsha, kwaye iTshayina iye yaziinqwelo zombane ezimbini ezishushu emhlabeni.enye yeemarike.Iinkampani zeemoto zaseTshayina zisiya phesheya kweelwandle ukuya eYurophu, kwaye iinkampani zeemoto zaseYurophu nazo zithengisa iimoto zombane eTshayina, nto leyo edlamkileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kokungena ngo-2022, ichatshazelwa zizinto ezinzima ezifana nobudlelwane bengingqi, ukunqongophala kwe-chip, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza, imarike yemoto yombane yaseYurophu sele iqalile ukuhla.Akunjalo kuphela izithuthi zombane, kodwa yonke imarike yemoto sele iqalile ukuhla.Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto ezipheleleyo eYurophu kwafikelela kwi-5.6 yezigidi, phantsi malunga ne-14% ngonyaka.Ukubhaliswa kweemoto ezintsha kwiimarike ezinkulu zemoto ezifana ne-UK, iJamani, i-Itali, neFransi zonke zehle ngaphezu kwe-10%.
Ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwezithuthi zabakhweli bamandla amatsha kuye kwacaba ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngokwedatha evela kwiEuropean Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA),umthamo wokuthengisa wezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwi-Q1-Q3 kwi-EU yayiyi-986,000, 975,000, kunye ne-936,000 ngokulandelanayo., kunye nomthamo wokuthengisa jikelele waqhubeka nokuncipha.
Ngokuchasene noko, imarike yemoto yombane yaseChina isakhula.Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zamandla amatsha e-China kwafikelela kwi-4.567 yezigidi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-110%, ukushiya amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika eluthulini.
Ngokukhula olomeleleyo kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina, ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe nako kwenziwe inkqubela enkulu.Ngokwedatha evela kwi-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, isithuthi esitsha samandla elizwe lam esithumela ngaphandle kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala ze-2022 iya kuba ngamayunithi angama-389,000, ngokuphindwe kabini ngonyaka.Kwaye ngaphezu kwe-90% yeendawo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha yiYurophu kunye namanye amazwe ase-Asia.
Ngaphambili,I-SAIC MG (MG)waya nzulu kwi-hinterland yaseYurophu, kwaye kamva imikhosi emitsha efanaXiaopeng kunyeI-NIOwangena kwimarike yaseNorway,kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbiiimpawu zasekhaya ziyasebenza eYurophu.Nangona kunjalo, ukugweba kwizenzo zangoku zamazwe aseYurophu kwiimoto zombane, uhambo lweempawu zasekhaya ukuya eYurophu aluyi kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.Xa ingxaki yamandla yaseYurophu isonjululwe kwaye nohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo samandla luba sengqiqweni ngakumbi, iYurophu iya kwamkela kuphela iinkampani zezithuthi zombane .
Ngaphezu koko, iinkampani zeemoto ezifana ne-Xiaopeng kunye ne-Weilai okwangoku zikwinqanaba lokuphonononga ishishini eYurophu, kwaye azikagqithwanga ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke impembelelo inokuthiwa incinci.Njengesiqhelo sekamva, izithuthi zombane, nokuba yinkampani yeemoto zaseYurophu okanye yinkampani yaseTshayina yaphesheya kolwandle, inokwenza umahluko kwimakethi yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-06-2022