NgoNovemba ka-2022, zizonke iimoto zamandla amatsha angama-79,935(Iimoto zombane ezingama-65,338 ezisulungekileyo kunye ne-14,597 ye-plug-in hybrid yezithuthi) zathengiswa eUnited States., ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-31.3%, kunye nesantya sokungena kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha okwangoku yi-7.14%.Kwi-2022, i-816,154 izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziya kuthengiswa, kwaye umthamo wonyaka kwi-2021 uya kuba malunga ne-630,000, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-900,000 kulo nyaka.
Ndifuna ukuchitha ixesha ndijonge imakethi yase-US, kunye nokubona ukuba iBiden inakho na ukuphuhlisa iimoto zamandla amatsha e-United States emva kokuphoswa okunjalo.
▲Umfanekiso 1. Ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha e-United States ukusuka kwi-2010
Umthetho we-Inflation Cut Act utyala i-369 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye uya kugxila ekuxhaseni ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane, kwaye siyabona ukuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo nawo ubamba ingqalelo.
◎Uncedo lwerhafu yemoto entsha:Nikezela ngetyala lerhafu le-US$7,500 ngesithuthi ngasinye, kwaye inkxaso-mali iyasebenza ukusuka ngoJanuwari 2023 ukuya kuDisemba 2032.Rhoxisa umyinge wenkxaso-mali yangaphambili yezithuthi ezingama-200,000 kubenzi beemoto.
◎Iimoto ezisetyenzisiweyo (ngaphantsi kwe-$25,000): Ikhredithi yerhafu yi-30% yexabiso lentengiso yemoto endala, kunye ne-cap ye-4,000 yeedola, kwaye i-subsidy isebenza ukususela ngoJanuwari 2023 ukuya kuDisemba 2032.
◎Ikhredithi yerhafu yezibonelelo zokutshaja amandla amatsha yandiswe kwi-2032, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yeendleko ezinokuthi zithathwe, kwaye umda ophezulu wekhredithi yerhafu uphakanyisiwe ukusuka kwi-30,000 yangaphambili ukuya kwi-100,000 yeedola.
◎I-1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zokucoca izithuthi ezinzima ezifana neebhasi zesikolo, iibhasi kunye neelori zenkunkuma.
▲Umfanekiso 2. Indawo yokuqala yophuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwimarike yaseMelika
Icandelo loku-1
Ubonelelo lweSithuthi saMandla eNtsha kwiMarike yase-US
Ngokombono wokubonelela ngemveliso, imarike yase-US inqabile kakhulu, ukuze i-Nissan LEAF ihambe phambili ngoku.
▲Umfanekiso wesi-3.Unikezelo lwemveliso kwimarike US
●General Motors
Ngenxa yokukhumbula imveliso, umthamo weGeneral Motors ngo-2022 uya kuba mncinci.Umthamo wokuvelisa ocwangcisiweyo kwi-2025 yi-1 yezigidi, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ivelise iiyunithi ze-600,000.Ngoko ke, ngo-2023, iimveliso ezibandakanya i-EQUINOX yombane ococekileyo, i-Blazer EV, njl.njl iya kusungulwa enye emva kwenye, ngoko injongo ye-1 yezigidi ngo-2023-2025 kufuneka ifezekiswe, ngoko ke kunyaka ozayo inokuya kwi-200,000, kunye nemveliso. yeBolt BEV ngokucacileyo ukuya 70,000 izithuthi.
I-2023 iseyixesha lenguqu ye-GM.Ngokuqala kwemveliso kumzi mveliso webhetri yelinge elihlangeneyo, umthamo wonke uyamkeleka.Ekubeni i-bill yahlula i-credit yerhafu kwiindawo ezimbini ezilinganayo ze-USD 3,750 / isithuthi, iimfuno zendibano yendawo zicetywayo kwiibhetri ezisetyenziselwa izithuthi zombane kunye nezinto eziphambili kunye nezinto eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo:
◎Eyokuqala $3,750/inkxaso yemoto:I-40% yexabiso lezinto eziphambili zebhetri(kubandakanya nickel, manganese, cobalt, lithium, graphite, njl.)ikhutshwe okanye iqhutywe yi-United States okanye amazwe atyikitye izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla kunye ne-United States, okanye ziphinda zisetyenziswe kuMntla Melika.(2023), umlinganiselo uya kwanda nge-10% minyaka yonke ukusuka kwi-2024 ukuya kwi-80% ngo-2027.
◎Okwesibini US$3,750/inkxaso yemoto:ngaphezu kwama-50% exabiso leamacandelo ebhetri(kubandakanya i-electrode elungileyo kunye nengalunganga, ifoyile yobhedu, i-electrolyte, iiseli zebhetri, kunye neemodyuli)(2023), 2024-2025 Umlinganiselo mkhulu okanye ulingana ne-60%, kwaye umlinganiselo uya kwanda nge-10% minyaka yonke ukusuka kwi-2026, ufikelele kwi-100% ngo-2029.
Ngoko ke, i-GM inokufezekisa i-subsidy ye-3,750 yeedola zase-US apha.
▲Umzobo 4.General Motors Product Portfolio
●Ford
I-Ford iceba ukuba nomthamo wemveliso yehlabathi jikelele malunga ne-600,000 yezithuthi zombane ekupheleni kuka-2023 kunye nezithuthi ezingaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi ngo-2026.Ke ngoko, ngokwembono yokwahlulahlula, ukuthengiswa kweFord eUnited States kunokodlula iiyunithi ezingama-450,000 ngo-2023.
◎Mustang Mach-E:Iiyunithi ezingama-270,000 ngonyaka(UMntla Melika, iYurophu kunye neTshayina, iUnited States inokuthatha iiyunithi ezingama-200,000).
◎F-150 Umbane:150,000 ngonyaka(Amantla Emelika).
◎I-E-Transit:Iiyunithi ezingama-150,000 ngonyaka(kuMntla Melika naseYurophu, kuqikelelwa iiyunithi ezingama-100,000 e-US).
◎I-SUV entsha:Iiyunithi ezingama-30,000(eYurophu).
▲Umfanekiso wesi-5.Ucwangciso lwamandla emveliso yakwaFord
Ngoku iStellantis yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini.Inxalenye yokuqala yeChrysler.Ukusuka kwimbono yangoku, iibhetri zaseMntla Melika azikakulungeli.Isenokulawulwa yi-plug-in hybrids ngo-2023, enokomeleza kakhulu amandla eplagi e-United States.Isixa se-hybrid yombane ngo-2023.
◎I-Dodge ikhuphe i-plug-in yokuqala ye-hybrid model HORNET, eyakhiwe kwi-Alfa Romeo Tonale ekwabelwana ngayo iqonga, ngeli xesha liqalise i-HORNET R / T iplagi-in hybrid.
◎IJeep ikhuphe imodeli yayo yokuqala esulungekileyo yombane iAvenger, eqala kwimodeli encinci yombane yeSUV(oku akuthengiswa eUnited States), imodeli yokuqala yombane ecocekileyo eyasungulwa eMntla Melika iya kuba yiSUV enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiRecon(2024 yaqala ukuveliswa kweRecon eUnited States).
▲Umfanekiso wesi-6.Ipotfoliyo yemoto entsha yeStellantis
Iimveliso zaseJapan nezaseMzantsi Korea zonke zibandakanya inkxaso-mali yokuhlanganisana eMntla Melika.
Icandelo lesi-2
Izithintelo ezisebenzayo kwiinkxaso-mali
Ukususela e-USInkxaso-mali kuqala ibeka imiqathango, kufuneka ifezekiswe ngaxeshanye ukuze ifaneleke ukubhengezwa:
◎Iimoto ezintsha kufuneka zidityaniswe eMntla Melika.
◎Ukusukela ngo-2025, iiminerali eziphambili zeebhetri aziyi kutsalwa, zisetyenzwe okanye zisetyenziswe kwakhona ngamaqumrhu angaphandle achaphazelekayo adweliswe kuMthetho woTyalo-mali lweZiseko zoPhuhliso kunye neNgqesho;ukusuka ku-2024, izixhobo zebhetri aziyi kuveliswa okanye zidityaniswe ngamaqumrhu angaphandle axhalabisayo.
◎Iimfuno zexabiso lemoto:kuphela kwiilori zombane, iiveni kunye neeSUVs amaxabiso angekho ngaphezulu kwe-80,000 yeedola, kunye neesedan amaxabiso angekho ngaphezulu kwe-55,000 yeedola.
◎Iimfuno zomvuzo kubathengi beemoto:uwonke umvuzo wobuqu yi-US$150,000, intloko yekhaya yi-US$225,000, kunye nefayili edibeneyo yi-US$300,000.
Kubanikazi beTesla eCalifornia, eU.SA, le meko ayinakufezekiswa.Isiphumo esipheleleyo ngeli xesha kukujonga iimoto ezintathu ezinkulu zase-US General Motors, Ford kunye neStellantis(Chrysler).Ngoko ke, ukunyuka konyaka ozayo kuya kubakho i-uptick eTesla, kwaye ezi nkampani zintathu ziya kubona ukwanda okukhulu kwemfuno yezithuthi.Ke ngoko, ingxaki yangoku kwimarike yase-US ibambekile kumthamo wokuvelisa ibhetri.Ngokungafaniyo neYurophu, eyaqala ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezithuthi, amandla okuvelisa ibhetri yasekhaya asemva.Ngeli xesha, i-US yabamba iinkampani zeemoto kwaye yabavumela ukuba baphuhlise umthamo wokuvelisa ibhetri yasekhaya.indlela.
Kucingelwa ukuba inani elipheleleyo leemoto zombane kwi-2023 ayinakuba phezulu njengoko kulindeleke i-1.8 yezigidi, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuba amandla okuvelisa ibhetri akakwazi ukugcina.Ngoko ke, kwi-2023-2025, umthamo wokuthengisa wemoto yonke yombane unokuqikelelwa ngokusekwe ekunyukeni kwamandla okuvelisa ibhetri eMntla Melika.Le ngongoma yoqwalaselo ebaluleke kakhulu.
▲Umzobo 7.Ibhetri eUnited States iye yaba ngumba ophambili
Isishwankathelo: Okwangoku, imakethi entsha yemoto yaseTshayina iphambili emhlabeni iminyaka eliqela.Ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu, sitshintshela kwintengiso, kwaye ngokwenene kufuneka siphume kule nkqubo.Kodwa xa sisiya kwezi marike, ezisemva kweminyaka eliqela kwaye zisangena kwixesha lokufukamela ngeemali zikarhulumente, sibophelelekile ukuba sihlangabezane nochaso oluqatha.Esi sisizathu esifanayo naxa sasichitha imali kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, sasingafuni ukuba iimoto zangaphandle neebhetri zangaphandle zifumane inkxaso.Kwizingqi zamaxesha ezahlukeneyo, indlela yokusebenza ifuna ubulumko obuthile!
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-03-2023