Uyilo “lotyalo-mali” lwe-NIO olunxungupheleyo kwizikhululo zokutshintsha umbane lwahlekwa “njengesivumelwano sokuphoswa kwemali”, kodwa “iSaziso sokuPhuculwa koMgaqo-nkqubo weNkxaso-mali yokuKhuthaza nokuSetyenziswa kweZithuthi zaMandla aMatsha” sakhutshwa ngokudibeneyo yi amasebe amane kunye neekomishini zokuqinisa ulwakhiwo lwezikhululo zokutshintsha umbane.Emva kwenkxaso yokutshintsha imodeli yebhetri, yonke into iyahluka.Ngenkxaso karhulumente, imboni yokutshintshiselana ngamandla ngoku yahlukile kwinto ebikade iyiyo.Akunjalo kuphela i-Weilai, kodwa kunye neenkampani ezininzi ezifana ne-GAC Aian, i-Ningde Times, i-Tesla, kunye ne-Volkswagen baye batyala imali kwi-industry exchange exchange.Ke ngoko, ilitye elinye lavusa amaza angamawaka, kwaye imowudi yokutshintshiselana ngamandla yakhawuleza yavusa iingxoxo kwishishini.Nditsho nabahlobo beqela labalandeli be- "EMF" abakwazanga ukuhlala bathi cwaka babuze, "Ingaba indlela yokutshintshiselana ngamandla inokwenzeka?"
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Ukuphonononga okungapheliyo.
Enyanisweni, ukuphononongwa kwendlela yokutshintshiselana kwamandla kuye kwaqalwa e-China ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo.Ngo-2000, i-Dianba New Energy yasekwa.Uphuhliso lwabeka isiseko.Ukususela kwi-2010 ukuya kwi-2015, i-State Grid kunye ne-Xuji Electric yangena kwintsimi yokutshintshiselana kwamandla, kodwa yabuyisela umva, kwaye utyalo-mali lwabo aluzange lufezekise iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Imodeli yotshintshiselwano lwamandla ingenise ngokwenene inguqu kuphuhliso.Enyanisweni, kwi-2016, intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-BAIC Amandla amatsha kunye ne-Aodong Amandla amatsha yaqalisa "Iidolophu ezilishumi kunye neZikhululo eziliwaka ze-Optimus Prime Plan", kwaye imodeli yokutshintshiselana kwamandla emoto yabahambi yasungulwa kwimarike yeeteksi zombane..Emva koko, iinkampani zemoto eziqhelekileyo zasekhaya ezifana ne-Weilai, i-GAC Aian, i-FAW Hongqi, kunye ne-Geely zongeze "i-chassis yamandla otshintshiselwano lwamandla ebhetri" kwezinye iimodeli, ezikhuthaze uphuhliso lwemowudi yokutshintshiselana kwamandla.
Ngokukodwa kulo nyaka, uye wangenisa "unyaka wokuqala wokutshintshwa kwebhetri", kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zikhuphe imibhalo yazo kwintsimi yokutshintshwa kwebhetri.
Nge-18 kaJanuwari, ibhetri enkulu yeCATL yazisa i-EVOGO, uphawu lwenkonzo yokutshintsha ibhetri.NgoJuni 18, i-CATL yaqalisa inkonzo ye-EVOGO yokutshintsha ibhetri eHefei, eAnhui.
NgoJanuwari 24, iLifan Technology kunye neGeely Automobile ngokudibeneyo baseka inkampani edibeneyo, iRuilan Automobile, eyangena kwimarike yemoto yamandla entsha "ngamandla amatsha okutshintsha ibhetri" kwaye yavelisa iimveliso ezintsha ezisekelwe kwiqonga lokutshintsha ibhetri (GBRC). ukutshintsha ibhetri).platform) ezigquma iisedan, iiSUVs , MPVs kunye nezithuthi zelogistics kunye nezinye iimodeli, kunye nemizamo yokuzama ukuhambisa imoto kwi-B-end kunye ne-C-end yeemfuno zotshintshiselwano lwabasebenzisi ngabanye ngaxeshanye.Ngomhla we-27 ka-Apreli, i-CATL kunye ne-AIWAYS basayine isivumelwano seprojekthi ye-EVOGO yokutshintsha ibhetri yesakhelo sentsebenziswano.Ngokutsho kwesivumelwano, omabini amaqela aya kusebenzisa i-AIWAYS U5 njengomthwali wokuphuhlisa ngokubambisana inguqu edibeneyo yokutshintsha ibhetri, ecetywayo ukuba ifakwe kwimarike kwikota yesine yalo nyaka., Abanini be-Aiways abakhetha inguqu edibeneyo yokutshintsha ibhetri banokuyonwabela inkonzo ye-EVOGO yokutshintsha ibhetri eyahlula amandla emoto, ihambisa umbane ngokufunwa, kwaye inokuhlawuliswa kunye nokutshintshwa.
NgoMeyi 6, i-Changan Deep Blue ibhengeze ulwazi lokucwangciswa kwe-sedan C385 yayo, enokuxhasa imithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla kuquka iindlela zokutshintsha ibhetri.Le moto intsha iza kuziswa ngokusesikweni kweyeThupha.Nge-2 kaJuni, ibhetshi yokuqala yeeteksi ezitshintshiswe ngebhetri (Nezha U Pro) ezafika eNanning, eGuangxi yaziswa ngokusemthethweni.I-Hezhong, iChery kunye nezinye ii-OEM ezili-16 ziye zafikelela kwintsebenziswano yophuhliso lweemodeli ze-30+ zokutshintsha ibhetri) Iqhutywa yinethiwekhi yenkonzo yokutshintsha ibhetri ekwabelwanayo eyakhiwe eNanning kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintsha ibhetri, uHozon Nezha udibanisa izandla kunye ne-Aodong New Energy kunye neNorthern Taxi amanye amashishini akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lwamandla otshintshiselwano lwamandla kwimarike yeNanning.NgoJuni 13, uMG MULAN wakhupha ngokusemthethweni inqaku elitsha lobugcisa, kwaye ibhetri ye-SAIC "Magic Cube" enokuxhasa ukutshintshiselwa kwamandla yachithwa okokuqala.Ngomhla we-6 kaJulayi, i-NIO yathi inani elipheleleyo lezikhululo zokutshintsha ibhetri kwilizwe lifikelele kwi-1,011.I-Ruilan Automobile iya kwanda kuzo zonke iindawo zelizwe kunye ne-"Chongqing" njengenkampu yokwakha.Iceba ukwakha ngaphezu kwe-5,000 izikhululo zokutshintsha ibhetri kwi-2025, ehlanganisa i-100. ngaphezu kwezixeko.
Izenzo ezithe rhoqo zeempawu zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ezifana ne-SAIC, i-Changan, kunye ne-Nezha kwimarike yokutshintsha ibhetri zonke zisekwe kumavili amabini eemfuno kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yabasebenzisi.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba izinga lokungena kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kulindeleke ukuba lidlule i-30% ngo-2025, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu imfuno yabasebenzisi yokongeza amandla.Ukongeza, ngo-2020, izibonelelo zokutshaja ziya kubandakanywa kwiindawo ezisixhenxe ezintsha zeziseko ezingundoqo;ukususela ngo-2021, imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo iye yaziswa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ingxelo yomsebenzi karhulumente iphakamisa ngokucacileyo ukuba kwandiswe ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezifana nokutshaja iimfumba.kunye nezikhululo zokutshintsha.
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Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zokutshintsha ibhetri.
Okwangoku, amandla ongezelelweyo ezithuthi zombane axhomekeke kwiindlela ezimbini: ukutshintshisa ibhetri kunye nokutshaja, kodwa izihloko ezinje ngokuthi "ingaba ukutshintshisa ibhetri kuya kuthatha indawo yokutshaja?"kwaye "indlela yokutshintsha ibhetri ingcono okanye imowudi yokutshaja ingcono?", ezinye iinkampani zeemoto kunye neengcali zemizi-mveliso zikholelwa ukuba zinolwalamano olukhuphisanayo.
Ngaphambili, uTong Zongqi, umlawuli weSebe leNgcaciso ye-China Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, uthe, "Okwangoku, imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri igxile kakhulu kwindawo yokusebenza kunye neelori ezinzima.Izithuthi zamandla amatsha kwicandelo labucala zisalawulwa kukutshaja okucothayo, okuncediswa kukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokutshintshwa kweebhetri.Ayizukuba yinto eqhelekileyo njengesongezelelo. ”
Ezinye iingcali zathi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunomonakalo omkhulu kwibhetri yamandla kwaye kunempembelelo enkulu kwigridi yamandla.Ngokukodwa xa inani elikhulu lezithuthi zombane zisebenzisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifanayo, igridi yamandla yendawo iya kuba phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwebhetri kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwibhetri.Umonakalo mncinane ngokwentelekiso, kwaye umbane wencopho kunye nentlambo nawo unokusetyenziswa, nto leyo enokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
U-Li Shufu, usihlalo we-Geely Holding Group, ummeli we-National People's Congress, ucebise ukwandisa ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokutshintshiselana kwamandla kwiiseshoni ezimbini kulo nyaka.Ukholelwa ukuba imodi yokutshintshiselana kwamandla yokwahlula isithuthi kunye nombane ineenzuzo ezimbini kwimodi yokutshaja, esebenza ngokuzalisa amandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
Ngokubhekiselele ekuncediseni amandla aphezulu, xa izithuthi zombane kwiimarike zisebenzisa imowudi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ininzi yezithuthi zombane zingahlawuliswa ukusuka kwi-30% ukuya kwi-80% malunga nemizuzu engama-30 (ngokwenene ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-30), kwaye kuthatha kuphela i-1 -5 imizuzu okanye njalo.Kuxelwe ukuba isikhululo sokutshintshiselana samandla se-Aodong New Energy samva nje sesizukulwana sesine sifezekise yonke inkqubo yemizuzu eyi-1, kwaye inkqubo yokutshintshiselana kwamandla ithatha kuphela i-20S, enokuthelekiswa nesikhululo segesi.
Ngokweendleko, iibhetri zamandla zithatha malunga ne-40% yesithuthi sonke.Imowudi yokutshaja "yokudityaniswa kwemoto-yombane" inyusa kakhulu iindleko zemoto yonke.Kwimo yokwahlula isithuthi-sombane, ixabiso lokuthengwa kwesithuthi sombane lingancitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha.Ke ngoko, imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri ayinciphisi kuphela ixesha lokutshaja, kodwa iphinda ikhuphe uxinzelelo kwigridi yamandla, kwaye inokunciphisa ixabiso, eliye lajika libe yingqwalasela yamashishini ngokwemvelo.
Ngokwenyani, imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri ilula kakhulu, oko kukuthi, i-chassis okanye ipakethe yebhetri yamandla esecaleni esetyenziswa kwisithuthi samandla esitsha ilungelelaniselwa itekhnoloji yokutshintsha ibhetri, kwaye ipakethi yebhetri iyasuswa kwaye ifakwe endaweni yesikhululo sokutshintsha ukuze kufezekiswe. injongo yokongezwa kwamandla.
Isizathu sokuba iinkampani ezininzi zithathele ingqalelo imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri kukuba ifanelekile “ukutshajwa kwakhona, ithathelwe indawo, kwaye iphuculwe” kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ineempawu zokwahluka, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukulunga, kunye nokhuseleko.Ukongeza kwi-supplementation ephezulu ekhankanywe ngasentla, izibonelelo zayo ziquka ezi ngongoma zine zilandelayo:
1. Yandisa ubomi bebhetri.Ibhetri kwimodi yokutshintsha ibhetri ihlawuliswa kwisantya esifanayo kwaye igxininise kwindawo yokutshaja yokushisa kunye nomswakama, okhusela i-SOH (impilo) kunye ne-SOC (uluhlu lokuhamba) kwibhetri.Nangona kubanda, kunokukhawuleza ukubonelela ngentlawulo epheleleyo kwisithuthi.Ibhetri, ungakhathazeki malunga nokungahlawulisi.
2. Phucula ukhuseleko lwebhetri.Kwimowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri, imvelaphi yesikhululo sokutshintsha iya kuhlalutya imeko yebhetri kwangexesha kwaye isuse iimpazamo zebhetri kunye nolunye ulawulo lokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukutsha kwemoto kunye nelahleko yokhuseleko ebangelwa kukubaleka kwebhetri yamandla.
3. Nciphisa umda wokuthenga imoto.Xa kuthelekiswa nemo yokutshaja “yokudityaniswa kombane wesithuthi-isithuthi, ulwahlulo lombane lwemoto” imowudi yokutshintshiselana kwamandla ilungele ukuqeshwa kweenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zamandla kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba, ezingenakuphela nje ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthenga komsebenzisi, kodwa kwakhona ziqonde ixesha elide. -Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwemoto ezihlala zihleli..
4. Ikhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa.Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cascade yeebhetri ze-lithium kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo isiphumo esibanzi sezoqoqosho kuluntu lonke.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho izinto ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga ekutshintsheni.Ukutshintsha ibhetri lishishini le-asethi elinzima, elinomthwalo omkhulu weendleko kubatyali-mali kunye nexesha elide lokuhlawula.Ukuplaga rhoqo kunye nokukhupha iibhetri zamandla kuyingozi.Ngelo xesha, ezinye iingcali ziye zabonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wezithuthi ezitshintshiweyo ukugcina iibhetri kufuneka ube ngu-1: 1.3 ukuba ube nengqiqo, kodwa oku akunjalo.
Ukuthatha i-NIO njengomzekelo, umlinganiselo wangoku we-NIO ukutshintshwa kwebhetri malunga ne-1: 1.04.Ngenxa yokuba umyinge wokuthengwa kwemoto kunye nokutshintshwa kwebhetri ngokucacileyo awulingani, i-NIO ibisenza iibhetri zokutshintsha kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.Ngemigudu kwisikhululo samandla, isicwangciso sokuthenga imoto ye-Baas esasungulwa ngu-Weilai ibe yindlela yokukhuthaza ukuthengiswa kweemoto ezintsha.
Nge-28 kaJuni, i-NIO yathi ibonelele ngeenkonzo zokutshintsha iibhetri ezingaphezulu kwe-9.7 yezigidi kwizikhululo zotshintshiselwano ezingama-997 kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye igqibezele iimfumba ezi-4,795 ezigcwele kakhulu kunye ne-4,391 yokutshaja iimfumba, kodwa isekwimeko yelahleko..
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Kukho ubunzima obuninzi, kwaye imodeli yenzuzo yolona vavanyo lokugqibela.
Isizathu sokuba ezinye iinkampani zeemoto zingabi nathemba malunga nemodeli yokutshintsha ibhetri kukuba isebenza kwindawo enye kwaye ayinayo imigangatho.
Ngenxa yokungafani koyilo lwebhetri yamandla, izixhobo, iteknoloji, njl., ubuninzi bamandla kunye nobukhulu beebhetri zamandla azifani.Ngoko ke, isikhululo sokutshintshiselana kwamandla sinokusebenza kuphela imodeli enye, eya kukhokelela ngokulula kwimithombo yesikhululo samandla angasebenziyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Iimeko eziphantsi kunye nezinye, ngaloo ndlela ziphakamisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nesikali sesicelo sokwakhiwa kwesikhululo sokutshintshiselana kwamandla.
Enyanisweni, i-logical logic yokutshintsha ibhetri ilele ekwahluleni kwesithuthi kunye nombane, iibhetri eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokuzaliseka kwe-loop yamandla evaliweyo ezimeleyo.Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ngokwenene ukulinganisa ibhetri.Kukho ezininzi njenge-145 iintlobo zeebhetri zamandla kwimarike.Iindlela zokutshintshiselana kwamandla ziquka ukutshintshiselana kwamandla ecala, utshintshiselwano lwamandla angaphantsi kwebhokisi, kunye nokutshintshana kwamandla e-chassis.Kunzima ukutshintsha amandla amatsha ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.Abavelisi banemibono yokuyila kunye nemigangatho yeebhetri zamandla, ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukufezekisa umgangatho "wokutshintsha ibhetri jikelele", kufuneka uwele i-gap enkulu.
Kwaye ngenxa yobudlelwane obukhuphisanayo phakathi kwabavelisi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukuyila kweebhetri zamandla kunye nendlela yokutshintshiselana kwamandla kuyahlukana, kwaye akukho mntu uzimisele ukutyhila izisombululo zabo okanye amkele izisombululo eziphikisanayo.
Okwangoku, iinkampani ezininzi sele ziqala uyilo oluqhelekileyo lweepakethi zebhetri, kodwa kuya kuthatha ixesha ukwenza amandla okulwa.
Nangona kunjalo, owona mngeni mkhulu kwimowudi yokutshintsha amandla ayikokungabikho komgangatho odibeneyo weebhetri zamandla, kodwa indlela yokuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwesikhululo esinye ukufumana inzuzo.
Ngokutsho kwemodeli yokubala yeCITIC Securities Research Institute, ixabiso lokwakhiwa kwesikhululo esinye sesikhululo sokutshintshela imoto yabahambi malunga ne-4.9 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye ixabiso lokwakhiwa kwesikhululo esinye sesikhululo sokutshintsha isithuthi sorhwebo malunga ne-10 yezigidi zeeyuan.I-break-ven point yangaphambili ihambelana ne-20% yezinga lokusetyenziswa.Ubalo olurhabaxa kukukhonza iimoto ezingama-60 ngosuku;i-break-ven point of the final yi-10%, oko kukuthi, izithuthi ze-24 zihanjiswa ngosuku.Ukujonga kwinani lezikhululo zokutshintshana kweli nqanaba, indawo yokuphumla ayinakufikelelwa kwaphela.
Idatha inokuhlala ibonisa eyona meko yokwenene.Ukuthatha umqhubi wotshintshiselwano wamandla wesithathu njengomzekelo u-Aodong Amandla amatsha, ingeniso iyonke ukusuka ngo-2018 ukuya kowama-2020 yayiyi-82.4749 yezigidi zeeyuan, i-212 yezigidi zeeyuan kunye ne-190 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye ilahleko yayiyi-186 yezigidi zeeyuan, i-162 yezigidi zeeyuan. kunye ne-249 yezigidi zeeyuan, kunye nelahleko eyongezelelekileyo ye-597 yezigidi zeeyuan kwiminyaka emithathu.
Ngoko ke, phambi kwemarike encinci ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-car-hailing, i-layout of iziteshi zokutshintsha ibhetri ayifezekanga, kwaye ukungahambelani kwemigangatho yebhetri kuchaphazela umdla kunye neendlela zophuhliso zawo onke amaqela.Kunzima ngakumbi kwii-OEMs.
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ekugqibeleni:
Ayinakuphikiswa into yokuba, xa kuthelekiswa nokutshaja, ukutshintsha ibhetri kunenzuzo eyothusayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokugcwalisa amandla.
Singasathethi ukuba imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri iya kuthatha indawo yemowudi yokutshaja kwixesha elizayo, ubuncinci ngokwembono yeenkampani ezininzi zeemoto ezithatha inxaxheba kwimowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri, isisombululo sokutshintsha ibhetri sinokwenzeka, ulawulo lwebhetri olusebenzayo ngakumbi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukugcinwa kwamandla. , kunye nempembelelo encinci kwigridi yamandla ikhawuleza.Intlawulo ayinakwenziwa.
Ngokwembono yoshishino, ukuba ukubekwa emgangathweni kunye nokumanyaniswa kweebhetri zamandla kuyafezekiswa, kuyakwenzeka ukufezekiswa okudityanisiweyo kunye neenkonzo zentengiso ezidityanisiweyo, eziya kuqhuba uphuhliso olunyukayo nolusezantsi lwetsheyini yoshishino lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Mhlawumbi ixesha elide kwixesha elizayo, iimoto zamandla amatsha ziya kuhlala zisekwe ikakhulu ekutshajweni okucothayo, ezincediswa kukutshaja okukhawulezayo kunye nokutshintsha ibhetri.Umgangatho omanyeneyo webhetri yesizwe awunakusonjululwa, kodwa sikholelwa ukuba okoko kukho imfuno kwimarike, inkqubo yokulandeleka kufuneka iphuculwe ngakumbi., ine-adaptive optimization yendlela yokwahlula umbane wesithuthi.Emva kokuba imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri yamkelwe, iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto zenza iqela ukufezekisa imigangatho yebhetri yamandla angama-2-3, emva koko imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri kufuneka ibe nendawo yokuphila kunye nophuhliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-17-2022