Imibhalo yeenkampani ezintathu eziphezulu zaseJapan zinqabile ngakumbi kwindawo apho ishishini leemoto zehlabathi liye lachaphazeleka kakhulu kuzo zombini imveliso kunye neziphelo zokuthengisa.
Kwimarike yemoto yasekhaya, iimoto zaseJapan ngokuqinisekileyo zinamandla angenakuhoywa.Kwaye iimoto zaseJapan esithetha ngazo zibizwa ngokuba "ngamasimi amabini kunye nemveliso enye", ezizezi Toyota, Honda, kunye neNissan.Ngokukodwa amaqela amakhulu abathengi beemoto zasekhaya, ndiyoyika ukuba abanini beemoto abaninzi okanye abo banokuba ngabanini beemoto ngokuqinisekileyo baya kujongana nezi nkampani zintathu zeemoto.Njengoko abathathu abaphezulu baseJapan besandula ukubhengeza imibhalo yabo yonyaka-mali ka-2021 (ngo-Epreli 1, 2021 - 31 Matshi 2022), siphinde sahlola ukusebenza kwabathathu abaphezulu kunyaka ophelileyo.
I-Nissan: Imibhalo kunye nokufakelwa kombane kubambene "namacandelo amabini"
Nokuba yi-8.42 yeetriliyoni zee-yen (malunga ne-440.57 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan) kwingeniso okanye i-215.5 yeebhiliyoni zee-yen (malunga ne-11.28 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan) kwingeniso eshiyekileyo, iNissan iphakathi kwezithathu eziphezulu.Ubukho be "bottom".Nangona kunjalo, imali ka-2021 isengunyaka wokubuya ngamandla kweNissan.Kuba emva “kwesehlo seGhosn”, uNissan uye wafumana ilahleko iminyaka emithathu elandelelanayo yemali phambi konyaka-mali ka-2021.Emva kokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka kwingeniso eshiyekileyo ifikelele kuma-664%, iphinde yafumana utshintsho kunyaka ophelileyo.
Idityaniswe nesicwangciso seminyaka emine sikaNissan “Nissan NEXT senguqu yeshishini” eyaqala ngoMeyi ka-2020, iphakathi kanye kulo nyaka.Ngokweenkcukacha ezisemthethweni, le nguqulo ye-Nissan yesicwangciso "sokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyuka ngokufanelekileyo" incede i-Nissan ukuba ilungelelanise i-20% yomthamo wemveliso yehlabathi, ikhulise i-15% yemigca yemveliso yehlabathi, kunye nokunciphisa i-350 yeebhiliyoni zee-yen (malunga ne-18.31 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan).), eyayimalunga ne-17% ngaphezulu koko bekujoliswe kuko kwasekuqaleni.
Ngokuphathelele kwintengiso, Ingxelo yehlabathi ye-Nissan ye-3.876 yezigidi zezithuthi yehle malunga ne-4% unyaka nonyaka.Ukuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezinje ngemeko-bume yobonelelo lokunqongophala kwetshiphu yehlabathi kulo nyaka uphelileyo, oku kwehla kusesengqiqweni.Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwiimarike zaseTshayina, ezithatha phantse isinye kwisithathu sentengiso yayo iyonke, ukuthengiswa kweNissan kwawa malunga ne-5% ngonyaka, kwaye isabelo sayo semarike sehla ukusuka kwi-6,2 ukuya kwi-5,6%.Kwimali ka-2022, uNissan ulindele ukufumana amanqaku amatsha okukhula kwiimarike zaseMelika naseYurophu ngelixa uzinzisa umfutho wophuhliso lwemarike yaseTshayina.
Ukufakelwa kombane ngokucacileyo yeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso olulandelayo lweNissan.Ngeeklasikhi ezifana neLeaf, impumelelo yangoku ye-Nissan kwintsimi yokufakelwa kombane ngokucacileyo ayinelisi.Ngokombono we-“Vision 2030”, abakwaNissan baceba ukuphehlelela iimodeli zombane ezingama-23 (kubandakanywa neemodeli zombane ezili-15 ezisulungekileyo) ngonyaka-mali ka-2030.Kwimarike yaseTshayina, iNissan inethemba lokufezekisa injongo yeemodeli zokuqhuba umbane ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-40% yentengiso iyonke kwi-fiscal 2026.Ngokufika kweemodeli zetekhnoloji ye-e-POWER, iNissan igcwalise i-advanteji yokuqala yokuhambisa ngaphezulu kweToyota kunye neHonda kwindlela yobugcisa.Emva kokukhutshwa kwempembelelo yekhonkco lokubonelela, ngaba umthamo wemveliso weNissan uya kubamba "iinkalo ezimbini" kwindlela entsha?
Honda: Ukongeza kwizithuthi zamafutha, ukufakelwa kombane kunokuxhomekeka kutofelo-gazi lwesithuthuthu
Indawo yesibini kwi-transcript yi-Honda, kunye nengeniso ye-14.55 yezigidigidi ze-yen (malunga ne-761.1 yeebhiliyoni ze-yuan), ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-10.5%, kunye nokunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-7.5% kwinzuzo eshiyekileyo ukuya kwi-707 iibhiliyoni zeeyen zaseJapan (malunga ne-37 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan).Ngokubhekiselele kwingeniso, ukusebenza kweHonda kunyaka ophelileyo akukwazanga ukuqhubeka nokuhla okubukhali kwiminyaka yemali ka-2018 kunye no-2019.Kodwa inzuzo eseleyo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkampani zeemoto eziqhelekileyo kwihlabathi, ukuhla kwengeniso kunye nokunyuka kweenzuzo kubonakala ngathi kuye kwaba ngumxholo oyintloko, kodwa i-Honda isenayo inkcazo yayo.
Ngaphandle kweyen ebuthathaka echazwe nguHonda kwingxelo yengeniso yokunceda ingeniso yenkampani ejolise kumazwe angaphandle, ingeniso yenkampani kunyaka-mali odlulileyo yayingenxa yokukhula koshishino lwezithuthuthu kunye neenkonzo zemali.Ngokutsho kwedatha efanelekileyo, ingeniso yeshishini lezithuthuthu zeHonda inyuke nge-22.3% ngonyaka kunyaka-mali wokugqibela.Ngokuchaseneyo, ukukhula kwengeniso yeshishini leemoto kwaba yi-6.6% kuphela.Nokuba kukusebenza inzuzo okanye inzuzo, ishishini lemoto lakwaHonda lisezantsi kakhulu kuneshishini lezithuthuthu.
Ngapha koko, ngokujonga kwintengiso kunyaka wendalo ka-2021, ukusebenza kweHonda kwiimarike ezinkulu zase China nase-United States kusaphawuleka.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokungena kwikota yokuqala, ngenxa yempembelelo yokubonelela kunye neengxabano zejografi, i-Honda ifumene ukwehla okubukhali kwezi zimbini zingasentla.Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembono yeendlela ezinkulu, ukucotha kweshishini lemoto yakwaHonda kunento yokwenza nokunyuka kweendleko zeR&D kwicandelo lokufakelwa kombane.
Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso sombane samva nje seHonda, kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, iHonda iceba ukutyala imali eyi-8 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni kwiindleko zophando nophuhliso (malunga ne-418.48 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan).Ukuba ibalwe ngenzuzo eshiyekileyo yonyaka-mali ka-2021, oku kuphantse kulingane nenzuzo eseleyo engaphezulu kweminyaka eli-11 etyalwe kwinguqu.Phakathi kwabo, kwimarike ekhulayo yaseTshayina yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, I-Honda iceba ukusungula iimodeli zombane ezicocekileyo ezili-10 kwiminyaka emi-5.Imodeli yokuqala yohlobo lwayo olutsha lwe-e: Uchungechunge lwe-N luye lwaqondwa okanye lulungiselelwe ukuthengiswa kwi-Dongfeng Honda kunye ne-GAC Honda ngokulandelelana.Ukuba ezinye iinkampani zeemoto zemveli zixhomekeke ekutofeleni igazi kwinqwelo-mafutha ukuze kufakwe umbane, ngoko ke iHonda iya kufuna unikezelo lwegazi olungakumbi kwishishini lezithuthuthu.
Toyota: Inzuzo Net = kathathu kune Honda + Nissan
Umphathi wokugqibela ngokungathandabuzekiyo yiToyota.Ngowama-2021, iToyota iphumelele i-31.38 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola (malunga ne-1,641.47 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan) kwingeniso, yaze yabamba i-2.85 yetriliyoni ye-yen (malunga ne-2.85 yetriliyoni ye-yen).I-149 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan), inyuke nge-15.3% kunye ne-26.9% unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelelanayo.Singasathethi ke ukuba ingeniso idlula isixa-mali seHonda neNissan, kwaye inzuzo yayo iphindaphindwe kathathu leyo yala madoda mabini angasentla.Nokuba xa kuthelekiswa imbangi endala Volkswagen, emva kokuba inzuzo yayo net in fiscal 2021 inyuke nge-75% ngonyaka-on-unyaka, kwaba kuphela 15,4 billion euro (malunga 108,8 billion yuan).
Kunokuthiwa ikhadi lengxelo yeToyota yonyaka-mali ka-2021 ibaluleke kakhulu.Okokuqala, ingeniso yayo yokusebenza ide yagqitha kwixabiso eliphezulu lonyaka-mali ka-2015, ibeka irekhodi eliphezulu kwiminyaka emithandathu.Okwesibini, kwisandi sokuhla kweentengiso, intengiso yeToyota yehlabathi jikelele kunyaka-mali isengaphezulu kwesigidi se-10, yafikelela kwi-10.38 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-4.7%.Nangona iToyota iye yanciphisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye yamisa imveliso kunyaka-mali ka-2021, ngaphezu kokuhla kwemveliso kunye nokuthengisa kwimarike yasekhaya yaseJapan, iToyota yenze ngamandla kwiimarike zehlabathi kuquka iChina neUnited States.
Kodwa ekukhuleni kwenzuzo yeToyota, ukuthengisa kwayo yinxalenye enye kuphela.Ukususela kwintlekele yezoqoqosho kwi-2008, i-Toyota ngokuthe ngcembe yamkele inkqubo ye-CEO yengingqi kunye neqhinga lokusebenza kufuphi nemarike yendawo, kwaye yakha ingcamango "yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyuka kakuhle" ukuba iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto ziphunyezwa namhlanje.Ukongeza, uphuhliso nokuphunyezwa koyilo lwe-TNGA lubeke isiseko sohlaziyo olubanzi lwezakhono zemveliso kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwimida yengeniso.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuhla kwexabiso le-yen ngo-2021 kusenokufunxa impembelelo yokunyuka kwexabiso elithile lezinto ezikrwada, emva kokungena kwikota yokuqala ka-2022, ukunyuka okunyukayo kwezixhobo eziluhlaza, kunye nefuthe eliqhubekayo leenyikima kunye nezopolitiko. iingxabano kwicala imveliso, ukwenza Japanese ezintathu Strong, ingakumbi Toyota inkulu iyasokola.Kwangaxeshanye, iToyota ikwaceba ukutyala imali ezibhiliyoni ezisi-8 kuphando nakuphuhliso kuquka ihybrid, i-fuel cellkunye neemodeli zombane ezicocekileyo.Kwaye uguqule iLexus ibe luphawu olusulungekileyo lombane ngo-2035.
bhala ekugqibeleni
Kunokuthiwa iiyunivesithi ezintathu eziphezulu zaseJapan zonke zinikezele ngemibhalo etsala amehlo kuviwo lwamva nje lonyaka.Oku kunqabile ngakumbi kwindawo apho ishishini lehlabathi le-auto lichaphazeleke kakhulu kuzo zombini imveliso kunye neziphelo zokuthengisa.Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweempembelelo zezinto ezifana neengxabano ze-geopolitical eziqhubekayo kunye noxinzelelo lwekhonkco lokubonelela.Kwiinkampani ezintathu eziphezulu zaseJapan ezithembele kakhulu kwimarike yehlabathi, kusenokufuneka zithwale uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kuneenkampani zemoto zaseYurophu, eMelika kunye naseTshayina.Ukongeza, kumzila omtsha wamandla, ezintathu eziphezulu zingaphezulu kwabaleki.Utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwe-R&D, kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemveliso elandelayo kunye nokhuphiswano, nako kwenza iToyota, iHonda, kunye neNissan zisajongene nemingeni ethe gqolo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Umbhali: Ruan Song
Ixesha lokuposa: May-17-2022